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Keyword of Educational Technology Pongsak Boonphakdee : www.boonphakdee.com |
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Metacognition |
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMetacognition refers to thinking about cognition (memory, perception, calculation, association, etc.) itself or to thinking/reasoning about one's own thinking. Metacognition involves two types of knowledge: explicit, conscious, factual knowledge; and implicit/unconscious knowledge. Metacogintion also refers to an higher level of thinking which involves active control over the process of thinking that is involved in learning situations such as planning the way to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating the progress towards the completion of a task are the skills of metacognitive in nature. The idea that metacognition has a critical role in successful learning makes of its importance to be demonstrated by both students and teachers. Metacognition has been linked with intelligence and it has been shown that those who demonstrate greater metacognitive abilities tend to be more successful thinkers and learners. When defing metacognition most definitons include both knowledge and strategy components. Knowledge is considered to be metacognitive if it is actively used in a strategic manner to ensure that a goal has been met. Metacognition is usually referred to as "Thinking about Thinking" and is used to help students "Learn how to Learn." Cognitive strategies are used to help achieve a particular goal while metacognitive strategies are used to ensure that a goal has been reached. The ability to consciously think about thinking is unique to sapient species and indeed is one of the definitions of sapience. There is evidence that monkeys and apes can make accurate judgments about the strengths of their memories, while attempts to demonstrate metacognition in birds have been inconclusive. Different fields define metacognition very differently. Metacognition variously refers to the study of memory-monitoring and self-regulation, meta-reasoning, consciousness/awareness and auto-consciousness/self-awareness. In practice these capacities are used to regulate one's own cognition, to maximize one's potential to think, learn and to the evaluation of proper ethical/moral rules. In the domain of experimental psychology, an influential distinction in metacognition (proposed by T. O. Nelson & L. Narens) is between Monitoring--making judgments about the strength of one's memories--and Control--using those judgments to guide behavior (in particular, to guide study choices). Metacognition is studied in the domain of artificial intelligence and modeling. Therefore it is the domain of interest of emergent systemics. แหล่งข้อมูล : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacognition
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PONGSAK BOONPHAKDEE |
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